Read each paragraph and give me your opinion if you agree or disagree with it

1.

Male-medicated Teratogens is a term used to label environment factors that affect men as they become fathers and the health of children they produce. It is a term that causes damages during the prenatal period. Things such as drugs, like cocaine, heavy drinking, too much lead intact affects the male reproduction progeny. The harm that it does is not always straightforward it depends on many factors. For example, the dose of the drugs, heredity, other negative influences, and even age. Teratogens affect the prenatal development because being exposed to certain chemicals can lead to certain birth defects. For example, microwave radiation, and cellphones. These things negatively impact the fathers health causing unwanted issues that may transfer to the child. Overall, it affects the health because its not healthy for the body. Just like women who drink or smoke during pregnancy it does the same for the fathers. There sperm is inserted in to the mother and things can get transferred to the child. Exposure to chemicals and environments factors can shorten your lifespan and causing health problems. They are putting their life and their off spring life at risk.

2.

Teratogens are rarely straightforward and are never as simple as they may seem, depending on the risk factors. Teratogens are described as an environmental agent that can cause significant damage during the prenatal period of pregnancy, Berk, L. E. (2018).What is meant by male-mediated teratogens is that if a father has toxic exposure whether it’s before or during the conception process it can play a significant role to his future children’s genomic stability,

Anderson, D., Schmid, T., & Baumgartner, A. (2014).

Male mediated teratogens can affect the prenatal development of their future children in a few different ways, one of which is cigarette smoke, Anderson, D., Schmid, T., & Baumgartner, A. (2014). When the father smokes within 6 months of conception it could consequently result in germline mutation of miniatellite loci (CEB1) and B6.7. Research has shown that heritable mutations such as CEB1 increase in the sequence of DNA that can show the genetic consequences from the father’s harmful lifestyle, Anderson, D., Schmid, T., & Baumgartner, A. (2014). According to Berk, L. E. (2018). , about a third to one half of pregnant women who are non-smokers are actually “passive smokers” which entails their husbands, coworkers and even relatives smoke cigarettes around the pregnant woman, even with passive smoking there are several potential long term side effects. Behavior problems, infant death, low birth weight and respiratory illnesses,

These unhealthy lifestyles for instance exposure to radiation, chemicals and as mentioned before cigarette smoke can not only cause significant risk factors health wise in mens health but it can also make their lifespan shorter

3.

What counseling would you offer to someone considering pregnancy, or in the early stage of pregnancy, about things that can affect prenatal development, such as teratogens and other factors?

Considering pregnancy is a huge deal as well as being in the early stages of pregnancy. You must be aware of the environmental effects that can effect pregnancy, these are known as teratogens (Berk, 2018). To prepare your body and make sure it is at its healthiest, it would be wise to be aware of what alcohol, smoking, illegal drugs, and perscription/non-perscription drugs do to your body as well as the body of the father ( Berk, 2018). It is also important to have a stress free enviroment as well as good nutrition. Poor nutrition known as prenatal malnutrition can cause serious damage to the nervous system (Berk, 2018). It is important to be prepared for all of these things to give your baby the best chance at survival.

How might your counsel change, based on demographic factors such as age or ethnicity of the woman?

Counsel would not change much based on demographic factors. Based on age, emphasis would be placed more on nutrition as well as making sure special care is taken, and the mother has taken precautions with her health. As a women ages, there are higher risks of prenatal complications (Berk, 2018). This information would be included in the counsel.

What counseling would you offer to help lessen the effect of postnatal complications, such as low birth weight or preterm birth?

Without getting the proper care, preterm birth as well as low birth weight can be a discouraging and scary thing. During pregnancy try and stay as stress free and pay attention to nutrition. If you do have a baby born early or with low birth weight the doctors have several ways of helping mothers cope. There are options such as special infant stimulation which can help preterm babies develop (Berk, 2018).

4.

There are several different types of counseling resources out there for new mommy’s to be and or considering pregnancy. For instance, The Nurse-Family Partnership is a good resource for someone who is of low income and about to have their first child, Berk, L. E. (2018). It consists of a nurse coming and visiting you at home every week after the first month of enrollment than twice a month through the remainder of the pregnancy up until the child is a year and a half than monthly until he or she is two years old. This nurse provides a sympathetic ear, intensive social support and helps the mommy to be have access to health and community services, Berk, L. E. (2018). The nurse also encourages the pregnant mom to finish school, she also talks with family members to help prepare them for arrival of the baby.

If it was someone who has the social support but who’s just wanting more information during the early stages of their pregnancy or looking to get pregnant and what can affect prenatal development. I would inform them that having a poor nutrition can cause serious damage to the central nervous system from prenatal malnutrition, Berk, L. E. (2018). Alcohol exposure during pregnancy can cause mental, physical and behavioral problems. Discussing with the mother or mother to be to steer clear of ionizing radiation (X-Ray or industrial leakage), and also relay the importance of reducing her emotional stress during pregnancy. Emotional stress can cause low birth weight, colic, prematurity, and digestive illnesses, Berk, L. E. (2018).

As mentioned above counsel can changed based upon the needs of the expectant mother. A mother who is low income and feels as if she has no support can contact the Nurse-Family Partnership for the social support she may need along with the abundance amount of resources she may provide as well. When it comes to maternal age and if a woman is in her thirties or forties the expectant mother needs to be aware that having children at that age comes with increased risk of miscarriage, infertility and the potential for chromosomal defects, Berk, L. E. (2018). Although, according to Berk, L. E. (2018), research has shown that a healthy woman in her thirties having a baby has no more complication risk than a healthy woman in her twenties.

Discussing the importance with the mother that having a healthy diet, active lifestyle (as long as the Dr. permits it), making sure she is taking her vitamins and going to all of her Dr. visits is vital in the development of her baby. According to Berk, L. E. (2018), 11% of babies in the U.S are born early and 8% are underweight. Research suggest that preterm infant development has a tremendous deal to do with parent-child relationship, Berk, L. E. (2018).

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