I have four Exercises. Exercise A, B, C each one have 10 questions. Exercise E has 20 questions.

You can see all the 4 Exercises with example below and the questions attached with the question

Exercise A)

Identify Reasoning

In this exercise you will be given a list of items and asked to determine which one is reasoning and which one is not. Please indicate your answer in the space to the right of the word “Answer”.

Example:

Which of the following is reasoning and which is not?

• Mary has a firm command of the subject matter because she has studied it seriously.
• Mary has studied math for many years.She has a firm command of math and has won several prizes from math competitions.

Answer: Yes, this is reasoning.

Answer: No, this is not reasoning.

Exercise B)

Identify Premise and Conclusion

In this exercise you will be given a list of reasoning examples and for each of these examples you are asked to determine its conclusion by copying the statement of conclusion in the space to the right of the word “Answer”.

Example:

What is the conclusion in the following reasoning?

“Mary has a firm command of the subject matter because she has studied it seriously.”

Answer: Mary has a firm command of the subject matter.

Exercise C)

Identify Deductively Valid and Invalid Reasoning

In this exercise you will be given a list of reasoning examples and for each of these examples you are asked to determine whether it is deductively valid or invalid.Please indicate your answer by putting “deductively valid” or “deductively invalid” in the space to the right of the word “Answer”.

Example: Which of the following is deductively valid and which is not?

• Mary has a firm command of math because she has studied it seriously.
• Mary has a firm command of math because everyone who studies math seriously has a firm command of math and Mary studies math seriously.

Answer: deductively invalid

Answer: deductively valid

Exercise D)

Identify Popular Deductive Fallacies

In this exercise you will be given a list of fallacious reasoning examples and for each of these examples you are asked to determine specifically what fallacy it commits.Please type the name of the fallacy in the space to the right of the word “Answer”.

Example: To what fallacy each of the follow reasoning commits?

• This airplane is made in Seattle.Therefore, all of its parts are made in Seattle.
• Yoda must exist.No one has proved that he doesn’t.

Answer: Distorted Analysis (Invalid Whole-To-Part Inference)

Answer: Argument from the Absence of Proof (A proposition hasn’t been proven false; therefore, it is true).

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