Topic: History was made by civilizations in climate zones where agriculture was possible (e.g., Egypt, the Fertile Crescent, the Indo-Gangetic Plain, the Yellow and Yangtze River Valleys, etc.); marginal peoples from north or south of this zone contributed nothing to human history.
500 words.
Defend or Refute essay.
Writing the introduction, Start with a background statement. This will set the stage.
Body Paragraph #1:
You have a set of facts. In this case, . So, start with a simple topic sentence that reflects the category you’ve given to the bucket. And then you write down your facts. Note how all the facts you have support that topic sentence; and the topic sentence serves to prove your thesis statement.
Body Paragraph #2:
You are showing how nuanced your understanding of the issue is, so start your second paragraph
with a topic sentence that contradicts or elaborates on Body Paragraph #1.
Writing the Conclusion
Your conclusion need not be elaborate. In this case, however, I would go back to the original prompt
, and emphasize the ambiguity of your answer. The initial statement is neither absolutely true nor absolutely false, and your essay explains why.
Final Thought:
Every essay you will ever write, no matter what the prompt, can be reduced to a “defend or refute
the following statement” format. Sometimes, you have to come up with the statement to defend or
refute; but you are always arguing a position when you write an essay. The very best essays are the
ones that argue a clear position by demonstrating not only why that position is correct, but why
alternative perspectives are incorrect.
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