Introduction:

Some of the following arguments commit a formal fallacy or fallacy of language (affirming the consequent, denying the antecedent, undistributed middle fallacy, confusing explanations with excuses, equivocation, or composition division). But some of the arguments do not commit a fallacy.

Instructions: Classify the following comments as a fallacious or a valid argument. For those you consider fallacious, identify the fallacy and explain your answer. For those that seem valid, explain why you think the reasoning is sound.

1. The German banking system is well designed and has many protections against fraud. My cousin Gertrude works as a teller in this system, so she is well designed and has many protections against fraud.
2. Each person in the room had at least five dollars with him. Max was in the room, so he had at least five dollars with him.
3. My professor said that if I got an A on the final, I will pass the course. Course grades were posted this morning and I passed. Therefore, I got an A on the final exam.
4. Every homeowner at the meeting voted against the new recycling policy. Mrs. Archer was at the meeting and voted against the policy, so she must be a Democrat.
5. If William Shakespeare was beheaded, then he died. William Shakespeare is in fact dead, so he was beheaded.
6. An elephant eats more food than a human being. Therefore, the world’s elephant population eats more food than we humans do collectively.
7. If Maurice is at the party, then Linda is there. But Linda is not there, so Maurice must not be there either.
8. My friend Tanya says her father lashes out at her and other people in the family because he is bitter about his many career failures. You can see that she can’t bring herself to hold him responsible for his own anger problems.
9. Five is an odd number of fingers for a human hand, therefore five is an odd number.
10. If your phone is not charged, it won’t work. But your phone is charged, so it will work.

Additional Instructions:

Answer the questions in a minimum of a 1 page document. Use at least 2 scholarly sources to provide credible answers in APA Format (1 source will be provided for you). Be sure to use in-text citations.

Source to use: Moore, B. N., Parker, R. (2017). Critical Thinking, 12th Edition.

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