I Need someone to do me the essay paper and the extra-credit paper !!

FINAL PAPER (( please read the instructions carefully and do as asked point to point !!!! ))

Please read the entire assignment carefully before you begin writing and follow its instructions faithfully. Be sure to review the assignment again before you submit

your paper.

(The extra-credit assignment is on page 7.)

In order to make the assignment as easy as possible to understand, I have divided it, like the midterm, into six sections: an introduction that explains the purpose of the assignment and tells you which questions you need to answer, the rules for how to format your paper, the questions themselves, eleven commandments for writing and submitting your paper, the extra-credit assignment, and an explanation of how to submit a draft of your final paper.

INTRODUCTION: WHY THIS ASSIGNMENT?

Since the Enlightenment, the quest for the meaning of life, for a just society, and for truth itself has become increasingly contentious. This quest is now our own, and to embark upon it with any hope of success demands that we understand both its promise and its perils. This is why I would like you to grapple once again with the great issues that our journey raises by comparing the ideas of some of the prominent figures we have studied. To do this, please write a brief essay of approximately three pages about one of the two topics below.

Each topic asks you answer three sets of three questions. Remember to answer all three sets of questions for the one topic you have chosen. Keep in mind that although many of the questions are based primarily on the primary sources, you will need to draw on the textbook and your class notes as well. Together these sources offer all the information you need to answer the questions effectively.

HOW TO FORMAT YOUR PAPER

Before you begin, make sure that you understand and obey the following rules for formatting your paper:

1. Use a 12-point font such as Palatino, Times, or Times New Roman. 2. Double space your paper throughout except footnotes or endnotes. 3. Use standard one-inch margins.
4. Do not put extra spaces between paragraphs.

5. Print your answers on only one side of the paper.
6. Answer each set of questions separately; identify each set of answers by its number and letter; e.g., 1a.
7. Do not use a cover sheet. Simply put your name and section on the first page of your paper.
8. Staple your paper together.

THE QUESTIONS

Topic I. Giuseppe Mazzini, Karl Marx, and Adolf Hitler

Take careful note of each of the questions I have asked. Before you submit your paper, review your work to insure that you have answered all of them and that you have provided evidence for your answers

from the appropriate sources. Please keep in mind that these questions do not ask you to say with which of these figures you agree or disagree.

1. Giuseppe Mazzini (An Essay on the Duties of Man Addressed to Workingmen)

a. According to Giuseppe Mazzini, why had the spread of individual liberty in his day been of little benefit to ordinary people?
b. What did Mazzini believe is the relationship between love of one’s country and love of humanity?

c. The textbook describes Mazzini as a romantic nationalist. From what you have learned in class about romanticism and nationalism, and from what you have read in the textbook about these movements, why do you think this is an apt description?

2. Karl Marx (The Communist Manifesto)

a. In The Communist Manifesto, how did Karl Marx reject the liberal (“bourgeois”) understanding of individual freedom? How did he respond to the complaint that he and the communist movement were denying the “eternal truth” of freedom?
b. According to The Communist Manifesto, and from what you have read in the textbook and learned in class, how did Marx believe that capitalism enslaves people and denies them their true humanity?

c. According to the textbook, what did Marx learn from the conservative philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel about the goal of history? How did Marx believe this goal would be achieved?

3. Adolf Hitler (Mein Kampf; Speech to the National Socialist Women’s League)

a. In Mein Kampf, how did Adolf Hitler describe the role of nationality and race in human affairs? From what you have read in Mein Kampf and in the textbook, and from what you have learned in class, what do you think was Hitler’s opinion of the character of ordinary people? b. What did Hitler say is the just and natural fate of weak and sickly individuals?
c. In his speech to the National Socialist Women’s League, what did Hitler say is the proper relationship between men and women?

Topic II. William Wordsworth, Social Darwinists, and John Paul II

Take careful note of each of the questions I have asked. Before you submit your paper, review your work to insure that you have answered all of them and that you have provided evidence for your answers from

the appropriate sources. Please note that these questions do not ask you to say with which of these figures you agree or disagree.

1. William Wordsworth (“The Tables Turned”)

a. In “The Tables Turned,” what images did William Wordsworth use to depict the natural world? Do they suggest that nature is benevolent or malevolent?
b. From your reading of the poem, and from what you have learned in class and from the textbook, what do you think Wordsworth and the romantics believed was the best way to understand the deep truths of nature?

c. Wordsworth wrote that “one impulse from the vernal wood may teach you more of man, of moral evil and of good, than all the sages can.” What do you think Wordsworth and the romantics believed was the lesson nature can teach us?

2. Social Darwinists (William Graham Sumner, What Social Classes Owe Each Other; Karl Pearson, National Life from the Standpoint of Science)

a. What did Social Darwinists such as William Graham Sumner and Karl Pearson believe is the fundamental principle governing the progress of society?
b. From your reading of Sumner and Pearson, and from what you have learned in class and from the textbook, how did they arrive at this belief?

c. In what ways did the advice Sumner offered for improving society differ from Pearson’s? Based on your reading of the textbook, with which of Sumner’s and Pearson’s views do you think the Social Darwinist writer Herbert Spencer would have agreed?

3. John Paul II (Fides et Ratio)

a. According to John Paul II, what are the fundamental questions that people of all cultures ask, and what are the fundamental principles on which most philosophers of the past have agreed? b. What did John Paul believe is the role of reason in the pursuit of truth? Where did he believe modern philosophy has gone astray?

c. How did John Paul contend that the uncertainty that pervades modern civilization can be overcome? In what ways is his analysis of our situation different from, or similar to, what the conclusion to the textbook suggests?

WRITING YOUR PAPER: THE ELEVEN COMMANDMENTS

The purpose of these commonsense commandments is to help you express yourself as effectively as possible. For your convenience, they are divided into three parts. Please make sure that you understand them and obey them as you write your essay and your extra-credit paper. If you have any questions about the commandments, we shall be happy to answer them.

When you have finished your paper, it is essential that you go over your work again, using the commandments as a checklist. Doing so will insure a better paper and a higher grade.

I. ORGANIZATION AND CITATION

1. Answer the questions. History consists of more than random facts about dead people. Historians tell stories that seek to explain what the facts we discover about the past mean. Do not write a history paper that consists of undigested gobs of information.

Because you are writing a short paper, do not begin with an introductory paragraph or tack on an unnecessary concluding paragraph. These will only lead you far afield. Get to the point, offer only facts that are relevant to the questions you are answering, and be careful to tie those facts together in a logical and meaningful way.

Your notes, the textbook, and the primary source readings have all the information you will need for your paper. Keep in mind that the questions ask you, among other things, to analyze the primary sources that you received at the beginning of the semester. Do not use any other version of these primary sources, whether online or in print. Your grade will suffer otherwise.

This is not a research paper. The questions are straightforward and your answers should be likewise. You do not need to go to Wikipedia or to other sources I did not assign to do your thinking for you or to amass irrelevant facts. Such sources are sometimes misleading, often unreliable, and are almost always more difficult to understand than the textbook and the primary sources. This is not an outright prohibition, but you will be wasting valuable time and students who rely on other sources consistently earn much lower grades than students who do not.

Please note. as the next two commandments explain, that if you decide to use another source for any reason, you must cite it, just as you must cite the textbook and the primary sources.

2. Your paper must be your own work (this is not a collaborative project), it must be in your own words, and you must cite all of your sources. Of course, we want you to demonstrate that you used the primary sources and the textbook, and we expect you to quote or paraphrase them as you answer the questions we have asked. These sources will provide the evidence you need to support the arguments you are making. The same holds true for any other sources you may use. But keep in mind these two very important points:

a. Your paper should be more than a mere compilation of quotations. Only quote material that supports your argument and make sure that you make clear why the quotation is relevant. Do not merely repeat what the quotation says.

b. When you do use someone else’s words or ideas, you must cite your source in a footnote or an endnote even if that source is the textbook. This way, credit is given where credit is due. You do not need to cite your lecture notes nor should you include a bibliography.

3. When citing sources, be sure to use footnotes or endnotes as historians do, following the University of Chicago form as described in Kate A. Turabian’s A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations. It is different from the in-text MLA and APA forms with

which you may be familiar. You will find a helpful summary at http:// www.press.uchicago.edu/books/turabian/turabian_citationguide.html.

The correct form for citing a book is: author’s name, title in italics, name or number of edition if other than the first, place and date of publication in parentheses, and page numbers; e.g., Joshua Cole et al., Western Civilizations, Their History and Their Culture, Brief 4th ed. (New York: W.W. Norton, 2016), 642. If you cite the book again, simply give the author’s last name and the page number.

To cite one of the excerpts from the collection of primary sources that we emailed to you, use this form: author’s name (if there is one), title of the excerpt in quotation marks, Primary Sources in italics, and the page number; e.g., John Paul II, “Fides et Ratio“ Primary Sources, 97. If you cite the same source again, simply give the author’s last name (or the title if there is no author) and the page number.

If you need to cite a webpage, please use the link to Turabian’s manual to learn the proper form.

Do not use in-text citations. Use only footnotes or endnotes. If you do not know how to insert a footnote or an endnote in Microsoft Word, this YouTube video will explain the process to you. If you are using Apple’s Pages, you will find footnotes explained here

Please make sure that you do not use a footnote or endnote number more than once. Your footnotes or endnotes should be numbered consecutively and in Arabic rather than Roman numerals (1, 2, 3, not i, ii, iii).

Your footnotes or endnotes are the only citations you need. Do not include a bibliography or a works cited page.

Plagiarism, the use of another’s words or ideas as if they were your own with intent to deceive, is a serious offense and a violation of the university honor code. If you plagiarize, you will receive NO credit for your paper and I may refer suspected cases to the honor court. There will be NO exceptions to this rule.

II. THINKING CLEARLY AND WRITING CLEARLY
4. Watch your logic. Do not announce a conclusion without clearly stating the evidence that

supports it. Merely using the word “therefore” will not suffice.

5. Beware of broad generalizations. Remember that not all philosophers or all theologians all or all the members of any group believed exactly the same things. Phrases such as “throughout history” usually indicate sloppy thinking.

6. Write simply and directly. Proofread your work carefully. Your spelling and grammar should be as impeccable as is humanly possible. This means, among other things, that your paper should have no sentence fragments, no run-on sentences, and no plurals formed with an apostrophe; e.g., There were two soldier’s.

PLEASE PAY SPECIAL ATTENTION TO THE FOLLOWING RULES. THEY WILL HELP YOU TO EXPRESS YOUR IDEAS PERSUASIVELY AND PRECISELY. IF YOU IGNORE THESE RULES YOUR GRADE WILL SUFFER.

a. Do not use vague, awkward, and misunderstood expressions such as “factor,” “due to,” “focus,” “lifestyle,” and “in terms of.”
b. Do not use the word “intellectual” when you mean “intelligent.”
c. Do not use the word “simplistic” when you mean “simple.”

d. Do not use the verb “quote” when you mean the noun “quotation.”
e. Do not use the word “impact” when you mean “have an impact on.”
f. Do not use the word “societal” when you mean “social”
g. Do not use the words “versus” or “contra” when you mean “against.”
h. Do not use the term “time period.” “Time” and “period” are synonymous, so write one or the other.

i. Do not use contractions; e.g. write “cannot” rather than “can’t.”
j. Do not use a semicolon when a comma or a period would be more appropriate.
k. Do not refer to historical figures by their first names unless they are monarchs or have no last names.
l. Be careful when using the phrase “based on.” “Based on The Communist Manifesto, Karl Marx believed X” means something very different from “Based on my reading of The Communist Manifesto, I think that Karl Marx believed X.” In most cases, it would be wise to avoid using “based on” altogether. Simply say, “Karl Marx believed X,” and then provide the evidence for your assertion.
m. Do not begin a sentence with “also.”
n. When writing about the past, it is usually best to write in the past tense. Whatever tense you use, do not wander from the past to the present and back again.

Murky prose, bad grammar, and consistently poor spelling will obscure your meaning and will lower your grade.

7. Do not use what I call dangling pronouns. If, for example, you write “In Sartre’s book he says,” it is not clear to whom the pronoun “he” refers. Instead, write something like: “In his book, Sartre says.”

8. Do not write long convoluted sentences or resort to obscure language. Do not use many words when a few will suffice. Do not use words you do not understand.

9. Avoid the passive voice as much as possible. “The romantics believed” is more compelling than “It was believed by the romantics.” At all cost, stay away from the phrase “considered to be” and phrases like it unless you understand how to use them. If, for example, you write, “Giuseppe Mazzini was considered to be a prominent nationalist,” you are suggesting that he might not have been an prominent nationalist. You are also raising the inevitable question, “Considered by whom?” If Mazzini was a prominent nationalist and you think it is important to say so, say so and be done with it.

III. REMINDERS ABOUT FORMATTING AND SUBMITTING PAPERS

10. Remember to use a standard font, standard margins, and to staple your paper together. Your paper should be printed in a twelve-point font on one side of each page, double-spaced throughout except footnotes and endnotes (no extra spaces between paragraphs), with one-inch margins. Your paper must be stapled together. We will not accept papers that are not stapled.

11. Your essay and your extra-credit paper (the extra-credit assignment is below) are due at the beginning of class on Thursday, May 1. If you submit your paper after this date, there

will be a penalty of 5 points for each day your paper is late unless you have a documented excuse. We shall notify you by email if we have not received your paper. This is the only reminder we shall send. Please note that although you may email a paper if it is late, we will not accept papers submitted by e-mail alone. If your paper is late and you send it by email, you must make arrangements to submit a hard copy as soon as possible.

********EXTRA-CREDIT PAPER (( I need you to do it as well with the essay ))

Watch the BBC documentary “Stalin: Inside the Terror.” (http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=SIzApqzlP3Q). Then, in a double-spaced printed paper of about two pages stapled to your final paper, answer the following questions.

1. In what ways does the documentary’s portrayal of Stalin and his career agree with or differ from that offered by the textbook?

2. What were the two most significant things about Stalin that you learned from the documentary that you did not learn from the textbook or in class? Why are they significant?

3. How does the documentary explain the love that many people in the Soviet Union felt for Stalin?

If you do this assignment, up to five points may be added to your final paper grade.

SUBMITTING DRAFTS

If you would like us to review your work, you may email a draft of what you have written about one of the three people you are discussing. Should you decide to do so, please keep the following five points in mind:

1. You may only submit a draft of your answers to the questions about one person. If you have not answered all the questions, you are welcome to submit the part you have finished. You may submit your draft only once and only to one person.

as follows:

2. You must cite your sources in your draft or at least indicate what they are. We will not tolerate plagiarism in any form.

3. To insure that we have time to respond thoughtfully to your draft, you must send it by 11:00 PM on Saturday, April 28. You may, of course, send questions about your paper at any time.

4. Although we are happy to offer advice, we will not rewrite your paper for you. It is up to you to apply our suggestions as you revise your work.

5. You may not submit a draft of your extra-credit paper.

 

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