Can you make response each posted below?

Here is the instruction:

Civil Rights

Since ratification of the U.S. Constitution many groups of people have struggle to achieve equality under the law. Even after the ratification of the U.S. Constitution and the Bill of Rights many people received little to no rights. In particular, women could not vote, Native Americans had limited protections, and almost all African Americans suffered the yoke of slavery.

It took sixty years after the passage of the U.S. Constitution for this country to address the societal notion of equality. As per the Fourteenth Amendment, ratified in 1868, “No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.” The Fourteenth, Nineteenth, and Twenty sixth Constitutional Amendments, coupled with legislation passed during the 1960s Civil Rights era greatly enhanced minority rights. In addition, Supreme Court cases such as Dred Scott, Plessy v. Ferguson, Brown v. Board of Education, Craig v. Boren, Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, and Romer v. Evans have narrowed or expanded equality.

Directions: Select a group of people that you believe to have struggled or are still struggling for full legal equality under the law.

• Identify the historical or current circumstances of this struggle for legal equality.
• Identify specific actions taken by this group; and or specific actions taken by the executive, legislative, or judicial branch to address this inequality.
• Evaluate the effectiveness of said actions.

1. From: James Schuster posted Mar 8, 2018 4:36 PM

For this week’s discussion I’ve chosen to explore the topic of women’s rights relating to abortion and the monumental case of Roe v. Wade. The 14th Amendment secures the right to privacy. In the early 60s, two groups of birth related tragedies occurred to where European & American babies were born severely deformed and with major health problems leading to pressure being put upon legal & medical establishments by the growing women’s rights movement to support laws guaranteeing a woman’s access to safe and legal abortions. “Woman’s rights organizations argued that the decision to carry a pregnancy to term was a woman’s fundamental right” ( O’Conner, Saboto, & Yanus, 2015, p 108). In 1973, the Supreme Court ruled 7–2 that a right to privacy under the Due Process Clause of the 14th Amendment extended to a woman’s decision to have an abortion, but that this right must be balanced against the state’s interests in regulating abortions. Considering that many states interests with abortion became stronger over the course of a pregnancy, the Court resolved this balancing act by tying state regulation to abortion to the 3rd trimester of a pregnancy. Considering that this topic is soo controversial, no adjustment to either side of the argument will satisfy everyone & the case of Roe v. Wade will remain the main dividing argument between Republicans and Democrats.

References:

O’Connor, K., Sabato, L. J., Yanus, A. B. (2015-05-01). American Government, 2014 Elections and Updates Edition, 12th Edition. [Kaplan]. Retrieved from https://kaplan.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781323241622/

2. From: Emily Jewell posted Mar 8, 2018 1:10 PM

Grutter Vs. Bollinger

In 1996, a white female named Petitioner Barbara Grutter from the State of Michigan had sent in an application to the Local Law School. Grutter was turned down even with a 3.8 average because she assumed it was the color of her skin. By 1997, Grutter sued Michigan Law School for intolerance in violating the fourteenth amendment (2003). Grutter stated her application was denied for the reason being her color in race (2003). Even though this law school is rated one of the best schools in the nation and specifically makes it clear that even with the best gpa score, does not give applicators a guaranteed spot within the school. The Dean of the school Jeffrey Lehman explained his reasoning for having different ethnicities throughout the school and why a wider ranger of minorities were accepted. Lehman’s goal was to accomplish diversity in the school so no one felt secluded from each other. After 15 days in trial, the district courts acknowledged her disagreement for the law school’s decision and upheld the school for violating her race and acting upon it.

Reference:

(2003). Legal Information Institute: Open Access of Law Since 1992. Retrieved from:

https://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/02-241.ZO.html

3. From: James Conley posted Mar 7, 2018 4:31 AM

Equality in human rights have been a struggle for many, many years and continues to be a large issue in today’s time. Inequality among African Americans and the Hispanic population has been in the spot light for many years and there doesn’t seem to be an end in sight. More currently the focus has gone to a different group of individuals; these being the lesbian, gay, bisexuals, and transsexuals. These groups have recently gone to fighting for their rights of becoming married and the issues of what restroom to use. Laws have been passed in several different states and these individuals are continuing to fight for their rights country wide. They don’t see it fair that they must go to certain states to become married and then worry about if their marriage will be accepted in their home state. As time goes on, these individuals are winning their cases and more states are granting their “requests.” The later issue of which restroom a transsexual individual is to use, even if they request the other, goes to what they were originally born as. The fix to this issue has been family restrooms being placed into many different facilities. These “family” restrooms are single person use only and were originally used for parents with children needing a larger space. However, with these already in existence, it is much easier to get around this demand/request. Still to date, this issue is still lingering in the background but has not been of major focus. These issues are just a couple that come to my mind, but if you look further into the reference I’ve supplied; you’ll find more concerns of this group.

James Conley

LGBT Equality & Civil Rights. (n.d.). Retrieved March 07, 2018, from

https://polis.house.gov/issues/issue/?IssueID=5032

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